• informal sketching;
• isometric and oblique projection;
• perspective drawing;
• 1st. and 3rd. angle projection;
• three dimensional models using a variety of materials

3D software such as Pro/DESKTOP, allows designers to share their ideas much earlier in the design process because the images created on screen are more accessible. One of the benefits this has is that development times for new products can be significantly reduced. But this is not the only benefit that using a package such as Pro/DESKTOP brings. Once a design is captured in this form the data can be used for a variety of other purposes such as rapid prototyping, finite element analysis and computer-aided machining.

When a model is created, for example the rectangular block shown at the top of the page, the software builds up a precise picture of both the outside surface of the block and its interior. This is a type of three dimensional map.

In computer-aided machining the information from the design is used to control a machine such as a lathe or milling machine to produce the item automatically. Most applications of this type also allow you to virtually machine your component before using real materials. This allows adjustment to be made to the tool paths to ensure the best finish is achieved in the most efficient manner. Finite element analysis software allows designs to be tested under virtual loads. For example a design for a component of an aircraft wing can be loaded and the stresses in the component will show up as a series of colours on the model allowing an assessment of how the component will perform in use to be made. This allows the designer to make adjustments long before a physical prototype is made and tested.

Rapid prototyping covers a number of processes which are automatically able to create a very accurate solid model from the electronic design in a relatively short period of time. One process used has many similarities to an ink jet printer with which I am sure your are familiar. The machine has two heads. One squirts out a quick setting resin while the other squirts out a wax. It divides the model up into a large number of very thin layers, rather like slicing an onion very thinly. As the head passes back and forth resin is laid down where there is a solid part of the model and wax where there is a hollow. When one whole layer has been created the whole model is lowered by the thickness of the layer and the process is repeated until the whole model has been made. Once the resin is fully cured the wax can be melted out leaving a 3D model.